Introduction to Development Engineering

This open access textbook introduces the emerging field of Development Engineering, its constituent theories, methods, and applications. It is both a teaching text for students and a resource for researchers and practitioners engaged in the design of technologies for low-resource communities. The scope is broad, ranging from the development of mobile applications for low-literacy users, to hardware and software solutions for providing electricity and water in remote settings. It is also highly interdisciplinary, drawing on methods and theory from the social sciences as well as engineering and the natural sciences. The opening section reviews the history of "technology-for-development" research, and presents a framework that formalizes this body of work and begins its transformation into an academic discipline. It identifies common challenges in development and explains the book's 'innovate, evaluate, scale' approach, integrating it with product development lifecycles. Each of the next six thematic sections focuses on a different sector: water, sanitation and health; governance; energy and resources; information; markets; and human capital. These thematic sections contain case studies from landmark research that directly integrates engineering innovation with technically rigorous methods from the social sciences. Each case study describes the design, evaluation, and/or scaling of a technology in the field and follows a single template, with common headings and questions, to create continuity and pedagogical consistency. Together, they highlight successful solutions to development challenges, while also analyzing the rarely discussed failures. The book concludes by reiterating the core principles of development engineering illustrated in the case studies and highlighting common challenges that engineers and scientists face in designing technology interventions to accelerate economic development. Development Engineering provides, for the first time, a coherent intellectual framework for attacking the challenges of poverty through the design of better technologies. It offers the rigorous discipline necessary to help channel the energy of a new generation of scientists and engineers studying and engaged in advancing social welfare and improving living conditions in low-resource communities.